Abstrak / Ringkasan
This study aims to analyze the practices of strengthening nationalism in Muhammadiyah and Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) pesantren, as well as to examine the role of the Directorate of State Defense under the Ministry of Defense in promoting nationalism policies in Indonesia. This research employs a qualitative approach with a case study, using in-depth interviews. The findings of this study show that the reinforcement of nationalism in Muhammadiyah pesantren is carried out through a hidden curriculum emphasizing the concept of Darul Ahdi wa al-Syahadah. In contrast, NU pesantren is implemented through a minimalist curriculum that integrates love for the homeland into ritual and social activities. Although not explicitly stated in the formal curriculum, both organizations consistently internalize national values as part of faith. Meanwhile, the Directorate of State Defense stresses the need to remove the stigma of militarization and develop state defense as character education. However, a policy gap is identified, as nationalism is often perceived merely as a military task, and few ministries or institutions have adopted state defense as a framework for their programs. The study concludes that pesantren hold significant potential in strengthening students' national identity through cultural and non-formal channels. Therefore, synergy is required among the Ministry of Defense, the Ministry of Education, and the Ministry of Religious Affairs in formulating an integrated nationalism curriculum that aligns with pesantren culture.